The zero function or zero map on a domain d is the constant function with 0 as its. The babylonians, chinese, greeks, and mayans used a place value system, and all had a way of writing a number whose place value notation had a hole. Mergers and acquisitions in india mergers and acquisitions as we know imply alliance of two or more companies. The discovery of zero is the greatest abstraction of the human mind. So the experience of managers in the merger can not be discussed, but managers should consult with a whole team of specialists. The use of a symbol as a placeholder in a place value representation predates aryabhatta aka aryabhata by millennia. Life and works of aryabhata kindle edition by sharma, shalu. It might seem like an obvious piece of any numerical system, but the zero is a surprisingly recent development in human history. The reading level for this article is novice the acquisition of a business may be structured in a variety of ways, including, an asset sale, a stock sale, or a merger.
Air india indian airlines merger, aircraft purchase order under cbi scanner the agency filed two cases on the aircraft purchase deal, another on giving away the routes and started a preliminary inquiry into the merger of the airlines. Oh and by the way, unlike the one guy named aryabhatta, the whole. He suggested formula to calculate the areas of a triangle and a circle, which were correct. Buy master guide to mergers and acquisitions in india book. I had kept this question bookmarked for a long time because i felt i could provide some authentic stuff on this matter. Invention of zero by aryabhatta pdf download technisch. This pdf file is formatted for screen viewing, but may be easily. In fact, aryabhatta devised a numbers system and a symbol for. Roman numerals for example did not originally have 0. Apart from exhaustive tax analysis, this book also provides a birdseye view of the regulatory requirement that govern mergers and acquisitions. If you look at the history of representation, it starts with the story of people representing numbers with straight lines, and crossing them after sometime. Bibliography books mergers and acquisitions strategies and. The two airlines may decide to initiate merger negotiations which in turn out to be favourable, lead to the merger of the two airlines to form a new larger entity. It gives rise the ability for a common person to be able to do mathematics isnt.
Where a merger leads to formation of a new company, acquisition leads to purchase of a company by other and no new company is formed. Mergers and acquisitions in indian banking sectora strategic approach 219 icici bank. Postmerger a survey of some selected indian companies. Aryabhatta utilized the concept of zero in his mathematical work, but he did not ascribe a symbol for. Even though zero popped up in different places in different forms, indians are credited to have given zero to the world. Aryabhatta did not invented zero, it was invented long before aryabhattas time. A case study on indian banking sector neha duggal research scholar, university school of management, kurukshetra university. Was aryabhatta the first to invent place value system and. The structure of the acquisition will be determined by a variety of accounting, business, legal, and tax considerations. In fact, this ubiquitous symbol for nothing didnt even find its way to europe until as late as the 12th century. Aryabhata 476 ad550 aad, made references to this text. He was born in kusumapura present day patna in bihar, india.
The invention of zero has led to many other interesting mathematical concepts, including the. This press release contains forwardlooking statements with respect to the tender offer and related. Buy master guide to mergers and acquisition in india tax and regulatory book online at best prices in india on. Amit singh sisodiya edited 2005 mergers and acquisitions strategies and insights the icfai university press, hyderabad. Master guide to mergers and acquisitions in india is a comprehensive book covering the taxation and regulatory aspects of mergers and acquisition deals. Vertical merger may take the form of forward or backward merger. Great article here on how the invention of zero helped shape and create. In india a decimal system was used, like ours, but they used an empty space for zero up to 3rd century bc. Merger and acquisition in information technology sector. Was aryabhatta the first to invent the place value system with zero. Another quotation is the contribution of india to mathematics is nothing, meaning indians invented zero. Earth is only one in universe so earthprithvi is one, eyes are always in a pair of 2except lord shiva, so eyesnayan for 2.
For testing the efficiency theory of mergers, various researchers hav e carried out event studies to analyze if there is a change in the efficiency of the firm after a merger in terms of creation of shareholders wealth. Being a enthusiast of history of mathematics i have done a fair bit of study on the topic and i feel i q. Zeros origins most likely date back to the fertile crescent of ancient. Zero s origins most likely date back to the fertile crescent. Aryabhata is the first of the great astronomers of the classical age of india. The completion of the merger between two staterun gas distribution companies, gspc gas company and gujarat gas company, has resulted in the emergence of gujarat gas. Pdf in this paper, we study about the invention of the most important number zero. Read about aryabhatta and discovery of zero in hindi, he is legend of india. An empirical examination of efficiency theory of mergers.
To combine two squares with sides a and b, mark out the rectangle. Aryabhattas contribution in mathematics is unparalleled. When aryabhatta checked my answer sheet,he invented zero, new delhi, india. Life and works of aryabhata kindle edition by sharma. Aryabhatta was an acclaimed mathematicianastronomer. In ancient india before aryabhatta invented zero, indian people used some symbols for counting. In 2001, the icici merged with the bank of madura to expand its customer base and branch network.
Aryaabhatt,one of the most renewed scientist and mathematician indian history. Algebra aryabhatta, as written by the arabs, arjabahr, a celebrated hindu mathematician, and the earliest known author on algebra, is now generally believed to have lived about the beginning of our era. There are proof of zero in ancient egyptian scripts and in ancient indian puranas and even in central american ancient mayan culture. The deal, which gave practo access to over 500 hospitals in 15 countries. Master guide to mergers and acquisition in india tax and. Another cause of merger failure is the lack of due diligence analysis. R 2008 merger, acquisitions and corporate restructuring response books, business books from sage new delhi. One of the countrys leading scientists and former isro chairman g madhavan nair today propounded the theory that some shlokas in the vedas mentioned about presence of water on the moon and. Despite being highly skilled mathematicians, the mayans never used zero in equations, however. Such markets are characterised by institutional voids, such as lack of. Mergers and acquisitions in india mergers and acquisitions as we know imply alliance of two or more companies future. Aryabhatta created the value of decimal based on zero. It is not wrong to say that the concept or the invention of zero was revolutionary in mathematics. Pdf on aug 2, 2019, lalitha sanathanan and others published from.
The first evidence for the use of the symbol that we now. A particular zero function is a zero morphism in category theory. What does it mean when you say aryabhatta invented zero. Pdf the process of mergers and acquisitions has gained substantial importance in todays corporate world. Mergers and acquisitions in indian banking sector a. About half the teams ruled that roadway had the better system. He discovered the position of nine planets and expressed that these likewise rotated around the sun. Pdf mergers and acquisitions in india, pakistan and. Air india indian airlines merger, aircraft purchase order.
The biggest ever acquisitions made by indian startups. Banking sector is the most extensively regulated sector in indian financial market. As a result of the merger, avanirs common stock has ceased to be traded on the nasdaq as of january, 2015 and will no longer be listed. It is the combination of two or more than two corporations maintaining the identity of one of the corporation.
Rbi, the sole regulator has the responsibility of regulating, supervising and assisting the banking companies in carrying out their fundamental activities and meets their liabilities as and when they accrue. Gspc gas, gujarat gas company merger completed the hindu. A survey of some selected indian companies malayendu saha reader, department of commerce, university of calcutta in this present global competitive environment there is increased pressure on growth through new breakthrough product lines and new business models or on achieving differentiation through higher. Merger and acquisition in information technology sector by. When aryabhatta checked my answer sheet,he invented zero. This was confusing for an empty space was also used to separate numbers, and so they invented the dot for a zero. The third essay is on merger waves in emerging markets, with india as a case in point.
In the time between the publication of the second edition of this book in 2005 and today, the overall financial markets and the. Nothing, however, has yet appeared that can give us the slightest information. Best business future mergers and acquisitions in india. Aryabhata, inventor of the digit zero timeline index. Aryabhatta worked on the place value system and discovered zero for the first time, making use of letters to indicate numbers and pointing out qualities. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading life and works of aryabhata. While he did not use a symbol for zero, the french mathematician georges ifrah argues that knowledge of zero was implicit in aryabhatas. Aryabhata gave the world the digit 0 zero for which he became immortal. Maji, meghna, merger and acquisition in information technology sector january 22, 2015. Zero is a symbol for the concept of nothingness or having nothing. When a company combines with the supplier of material, it is called backward merger and when it combines with the customer, it is known as forward merger. His contribution to mathematics, science and astronomy is immense, and yet he has not been accorded the recognition in the world history of science. Before the inception of zero by aryabhatta, what was the.
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